After the 2006 death of Saparmurad Niyazov, who presided over an insular and repressive regime as the self-proclaimed “Father of all Turkmen,” the Turkmen government chose to preserve the system of one-party rule in place since independence. Carnegie scholars assess the country’s role in regional power relations, and the impact of the country’s oil and gas-dependent economy on its political system.
Twenty years after the Soviet collapse, leaders of the five Central Asian republics have built functioning states but they have yet to fully implement democratic reforms, decentralize and share power, and develop strong intraregional relations.
The Obama administration needs a new approach to the Caspian region that provides opportunities for local leaders to engage with the United States in economic and political development.